CADWorx Plant Professional 2010 and CADWorx Plant 2010 is compatible with the following AutoCAD versions:
CADWorx Plant Professional 2010 and CADWorx Plant 2010 is compatible with the following Autodesk vertical products**:
CADWorx Plant Professional 2010 and CADWorx Plant 2010 operating system compatibility is based on AutoCAD or Autodesk vertical product used:
CADWorx Plant Professional 2010 supports the following database systems:
CADWorx 2010 is NOT compatible with:
** Note on Autodesk vertical products: CADWorx commands and features are primarily tested with the AutoCAD version that is shipped independently of any Autodesk vertical product. The AutoCAD that is shipped with an Autodesk vertical product is primarily tested to make certain that CADWorx loads within this vertical product. Because the AutoCAD that is shipped with an Autodesk vertical product is often customized with regards to that vertical product, CADWorx features and commands may not function the same as they do in plain AutoCAD.
If you would like technical support for CADWorx, please contact COADE or your local reseller.
E-mail: cadworx@coade.com
WEB: http://www.coade.com
To install CADWorx do the following:
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2010 / CADWorx Plant 2010:
Piping
Added command PIPESUPPORTVIEW to start the Pipe Support Modeler palette. The palate provides numerous options to insert intelligent pipe and elbow supports. PipeSupportSetting configuration variable will control the layer the support component is placed on.
Added spec and data files based on the German (DIN) Standard.
Added spec and data files based on the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)
Updated XREF drawing processing features to use data from XREFs that are inserted with a rotation. Previous versions ignored XREFs that were rotated.
Updated user shape component length calculation to be based on the first two connection points.
Updated SPECCHG command to change the bolt length based on the length set in the data file.
ISOGEN
Added support for I-Configure created ISOGEN projects. The I-Configure install is located under the CADWorx install directory at: ..\CADWorx\ISOGEN\
Added ISOGENDefaultStyle to the configuration file. This variable sets the default ISOGEN style used by ISOGENOUT and ISOGENBATCH.
Added support for the export of Miter pipe component. Use ISOGEN Data Dialog to set the miter pipe export options.
Added a new Select button to the ISOGENOUT dialog. This button will allow the selection of ISOGEN style from a common network directory without having to setup Project Manager or I-Configure locally on each workstation. The last style used also becomes the default for ISOGENBATCH command.
Added a new Project Data button to the ISOGENSETTINGS dialog to start the ISOGEN Project Data Setup dialog. This dialog will allow setting position text (POS) that can be displayed on the isometric drawing file.
Added functionality to export break in points (tie in points) to the isometric drawing (From the Plant menu -> Accessory -> ISOGEN -> ISOGEN Supplemental).
Updated to ISOGEN Version 9.3.
Steel
Added new shapes: Double Angle, Z shape, Channel with Lip, Angle with Lip
Added command SGCEDITALL. This command will allow global changes to steel shapes selected.
Added export to CIS/2 format with the SEXPORT command (32 bit only).
Added command SIMPORT. This command will import a CIS/2 file (32 bit only).
Added command SDBFIN. This command will import steel components from a database that was created with a Live Database or SDBFGEN features.
Updated the SUSER dialog with an improved user interface.
HVAC and Cable Tray
Added command HDBFGEN to export HVAC component to a database.
Added command HDBFIN. This command will import HVAC components from a database that was created with a HDBFGEN feature.
Added support for AutoCAD 2010 (32 bit / 64 bit), AutoCAD 2009 (64 bit), AutoCAD 2008 (64 bit)
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2009 / CADWorx Plant 2009:
Piping
Added Top Works feature to valves. Any valve entry in the specification file can have a parametric top works data file associated with it. At the end of the valve draw, an option will be given to locate the top works on the valve. TopWorksSetting configuration variable will control the layer the top works is placed on.
Added command TOPWORKSCHANGE to change the orientation of top works already associated with a valve.
Added command TOPWORKSADD to add top works to a valve already drawn in the model.
Added command INSULATIONVIEW to start the Insulation View palette. The Insulation View palette provides options to add intelligent insulation to components.
Updated SPECCHG command to automatically process keywords from the new specification file.
Updated SPECCHG command to process the size selection setting from the new specification file.
Updated PipeDescriptionCat configuration variable. Added setting of 3 and 4 which will control adding of end conditions to pipe and nipple components.
Updated the OTAP, TAP, and STOPSIGN to work with the LayerByLineNumber setting from the current configuration file.
Updated Alpha Size string format routines to ignore the AutoCAD UNITMODE setting. An incorrect UNITMODE setting of 1 added unnecessary dashes to the Keywords such as {MAINACT} and {REDACT}
Updated threaded and socket-weld relief valves to read the correct data file column for weight.
Updated 2DREP layer processing features. 2DREP now ignores any component from Blocks/XREFs that are on a frozen layer.
Updated 2DREP to ignore invisible components from Blocks/XREFs.
Updated 2DREP to ignore all entities in paper space except view ports.
Updated Spec Edit dialog component organization. Previously all special end type components were located in one category. Special end type components have now been moved to more appropriate categories within the Spec Edit dialog.
Updated Clash feature to import clash status and layer data from XREF drawings to the master base drawings. This setting is controlled from the Clash Options dialog.
Updated VIEWBOX by adding an isolate option. This option will hide all entities outside the parameters of the box.
Updated Insulation View options to allow insulation to be entered in millimeter when working in mixed mode drawings (imperial pipe size / metric dimensions).
Updated Insulation View reporting to include exporting a report by line number or size.
Updated top works insertion routines to allow the use of multiple viewports.
ISOGEN
Added the option to set ISOGEN SKEY and Component Identifier from the specification file.
Added command ISOGENSTARTPT which will insert a block into the drawing to be processed by the ISOGENOUT and ISOGENBATCH commands. The block defines which open end of the pipeline the isometric should start from. The insert point of the block must be at the extreme end point of all the components that are to be exported to ISOGEN. If using ISOGENBATCH, only one start point should be set per line number. If using ISOGENOUT, only one start point should be selected.
Added a mark edit box to the ISOGEN Data dialog. This field can be used to set the mark number for a component in the ISOGEN isometrics. Added command BOMMARKS to automatically assign ISOGEN marks based on the CADWorx BOM sort and accumulation settings.
Added DimensionsExistingISOGEN to the configuration file. This variable controls dimensioning of existing components in the ISOGEN isometrics.
Added a dimension status edit box to the ISOGEN Data dialog. This field can be used to control the dimensioning of individual components.
Added ICEDIT command to display the ISOGEN Data dialog directly without using the CEdit dialog ISOGEN button.
Updated ISOGENBATCH to export line number continuation information for lines that are connected using the OTAP component. For continuation information to be exported, the OTAP must have the main (size) line number and the not the branch (reduction) line number. If the OTAP connects two lines of the same size, all OTAP SKEYs will show continuation information. If the OTAP connects lines of different sizes, only the following OTAP SKEYs will display continuation information: TERF, TSRF, TORF, TTRF, TTSO
Updated tooltip functionality to show ISOGEN settings. ISOGEN tooltips can be activated from the ToolTips configuration variable.
An automatic XREF Bind is done on all detail sketches that are attached with the ISO.
Insulation and heat tracing settings from Insulation View are now exported to ISOGEN.
ISOGEN will export CADWorx Equipment nozzles from XREF drawings inserted into the base model with a rotation about any axis. Previous versions only allowed XREF rotations about the z axis.
Updated to ISOGEN Version 9.1. The ISOGEN version is also displayed at the AutoCAD command line when CADWorx is started.
Steel
Added a live database feature for steel components. This feature is controlled by the SLIVEDB command.
Added command SSYNC to updated steel component descriptions from the database.
Added command SLOFT to create complex lofted steel shapes.
Updated SLADDER to allow the user to create ladders with either curved or straight hoop connections.
Updated the user input shape creation for the PSHAPE component to allow for the creation of rolled concentric and eccentric cones.
Updated the default layer that Steel center lines are placed on. Steel center lines are now initially placed on layer Steel_Cl. The default layer name can be set using the CADWorx Layer Setup dialog.
HVAC and Cable Tray
Added command HWGTUPATE to update HVAC component weights based on user specified density.
Added command HLAYERCHANGE. This command can be used to change the layer of the HVAC centerline or solid.
Updated the default layer that HVAC components are place on. HVAC solid and center line are now initially placed on layer HVAC and HVAC_Cl. The default layer names can be set from CADWorx Layer Setup dialog.
Updated the grip stretch features to re-create the HVAC solid and center line on the same layer as the original component.
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2008 / CADWorx Plant 2008:
Piping
Added "Find" tab to the LineView palette. This palette can be used to locate and zoom to a piping component.
Added layer button to the Line View palette toolbar. This option allows further control of what components are isolated.
Added command PIDVIEW to start the P&ID View palette. To use this palette, a Live Database has to be setup for both the Plant and P&ID. The P&ID project has to be created using the new process line number capabilities.
Added command HBOMSETUP, HBOMTOTAL, HBOMCUT, HBOMSINGLE for the creation of a HVAC bill of material. These commands are only available with AutoCAD 2007, AutoCAD 2008, or AutoCAD 2009.
Added specification and data files for ductile iron piping. To use these files, review the file ..\CADWorxPlant\Ductile_Iron\ReadMe_ Ductile_Iron.txt
Added specification and data files for sanitary piping. To use these files, review the file ..\CADWorxPlant\Sanitary\ReadMe_Sanitary.txt
Added command 2DREPH. This command will export the hidden lines from solids to the 2D representation created. All other features of this command are similar to the existing 2DREP command.
Added an Export and Refresh feature to the CADWorx Clash palette.
Updated Clash feature to use a palette.
Updated the NUMBERPID command to change current size, spec and line number settings used by the SpecView palette.
Updated the BOM features to display the current accumulation control settings at the command prompt when a BOM is generated.
Updated CAESAR II bi-directional to read and write CAESAR II V5.10 input files.
ISOGEN
Added ISOGEN button the CEdit dialog to start the ISOGEN Data dialog. This dialog can be used to set many ISOGEN settings for a component.
Steel
Added existing option to Steel CEdit dialog. Added SSETEXIST and SREMOVEEXIST to modify the existing status of steel components already drawn.
Added command SLAYERCHANGE. This command can be used to change the layer of the steel centerline or solid.
Updated steel base plates to include the length and width in the long annotation.
Updated steel CG to process non-editable steel components such as ladders, stairs, and handrails.
Updated steel to allow coping of steel solid’s that may have been modified with AutoCAD’s solids editing command.
Updated steel to properly position the centerline for curved angle and channel shapes at specific neutral axis settings. Extensive updates were made to the angle and channel shapes drawing routines to resolve centerline displacement issues during modifications of the beam.
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2007 / CADWorx Plant 2007:
Piping
Added command SPECVIEW to start the SpecView palette. The SpecView palette provides an alternate method of inserting CADWorx components. SpecView will filter the available components based on the size and specification settings. In addition, SpecView also provides a quick way to change line number settings.
Added command LINEVIEW to start the LineView palette. The LineView palette allows the user to isolate components based on line number or specification.
Added keyword PIPETHKRED to the specification file. This keyword will lookup the pipe thickness based on the current reduction size.
Updated 2DREP layer processing features. 2DREP now ignores any components on a locked layer from XREF drawings.
Updated CLASH to work with components from XREF drawings.
Updated BOMEXPORT to process descriptions of up to 256 characters.
Updated the vertical and horizontal placement options of Nip-Olet and Lateral-Olet to work with a non-world UCS. The following commands were updated: VNOLP, VNOLT, HLOLT, HLOLW, HLOLS
Updated SPECCHG to process keywords for bolts and weld gaps. All other components will have to use mode convert commands to update keywords.
Updated tooltip functionality to always turn on the AutoCAD TOOLTIPMERGE setting.
Updated AUTOBOLT to report the total number of components added and print the description of the connecting gasket.
Updated LINEVIEW to work with components that have nodes.
Updated SPECVIEW to include the butter-fly valve component.
Updated the following commands to include line numbers from XREF drawings: ISOGENBATCH, C2OUT, CG, BOMEXPORT, ISOOUT
Updated clash features to process AutoWeldGap settings.
Updated the nipple component to use the PipeDescriptionCat setting from the configuration file.
Steel
Updated steel base plates to remember the user specified plate description.
Updated steel miter to allow scenarios when the beam does not need to be extended in order to perform the mitering cut on the beam.
Updated COMP2STEEL command to work with all available steel types in the library directory.
Updated SteelNeutralAxis configuration variable. Added a setting of 3 to have the center line drawn on the outside of the flange for steel channels and angles.
Updated steel export to read the new SteelNeutralAxis settings.
Updated the tolerance checking to allow steel beams to have very slight vertical deviations.
Updated the SBPLATE command to auto repeat to allow multiple plate insertions.
Updated plate length and width calculations to create a minimum perimeter rectangle for fabrication of the plate.
ISOGEN
Added the capability to export the CADWorx generic attach component. This component will only be listed in the material list.
Updated flanged pipe export to include pipe length in the description.
Updated the export of instruments to include the specification of the connecting component.
Updated the export of the bolt component to not automatically append the bolt length to the description. To show bolt lengths in the ISOGEN material list, set ISOGEN AText 538 to ?X?. This will append the bolt length to the size for display in the size column of the material list.
HVAC and Cable Tray
Added capability to allow HVAC shapes to be drawn with an open bottom option.
Added capability to show tooltips for HVAC components.
Added an Apply button to the HVAC dialog. This button allows for the component to be updated in the AutoCAD window without closing the dialog.
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2006 / CADWorx Plant 2006:
Piping
Added command CLASH. This command allows the user to run interactive clash detection on all 3D solids present in the drawing. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Updated 2DREP options by providing greater control over which components are processed.
Updated 2DREP layer processing features. 2DREP now ignores any component on a on frozen layer or current viewport frozen layer.
Updated 2DREP viewport processing routines to include components that span the entire viewport.
Updated 2DREP block processing routine for blocks that are inserted on layer 0.
Updated CAESAR II bi-directional to read and write CAESAR II V5.00 input files.
Updated PipeDescriptionCat configuration variable. Added a setting of 2 which will only add end conditions to the long description.
Updated clash functions to process TAP, OTAP, and weld gap components.
Updated specification change command to better process optional components and trimmed elbows.
Steel
Added command SSTAIR to draw stairs. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Added command SLADDER to draw ladders. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Added command SHRAIL to draw hand rails. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Added command SBPLATE to draw base plates. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Added command SAUTOCOPE. This command allows the user to set automatic coping on or off. When the system is on and two members are coped, they will remain coped even if one of the member is changed. They will automatically re-cope to the shape of the new member. This command is only available with CADWorx Plant Professional.
Added command COMP2STEEL to allow the user to initialize the steel draw components dialog with the selected steel member.
Added the capability to control the node numbering and increment to CAESAR II structural steel export
Updated SteelNeutralAxis configuration variable. Added a setting of 2 to have the center line drawn on the inside of the flange for steel channels and angles.
ISOGEN
Added connection point processing to user shapes.
Added support for AutoCAD 2004 DWG file format for ISOGEN ISOs.
Added the export of CADWorx "Code" data as COMPONENT-ATTRIBUTE4 to ISOGEN.
Updated XREF processing of ISOGEN supplemental symbols (flow arrows, walls, floors, instruments). Previous versions did not read these symbols from XREF drawings.
Updated flow arrow detection on sloped lines.
Updated TAP and OTAP component to use the line number of attaching component.
Updated export of trimmed elbows.
Specification
Added a size selection check box to the Spec Editor Edit Component dialog. This check box will allow reducing components to be selected based on the current main size setting.
Updated the sorting of the data displayed in the Index code drop down list that is part of the Spec Editor Edit Component dialog.
Updated keyword processing feature allow any keyword. A Keyword.dat file located in the specification directory can be used to customize this feature.
Items added or updated with CADWorx Plant Professional 2005 / CADWorx Plant 2005:
Piping
Added command SPECCHGTOGGLE. This command will toggle if TAG values is updated with any specification change command.
Added command BOMREPORT to generate a cut and total material list into the current database project.
Added command VIEWBOX to create clipped views in model space.
Added command VIEWEDIT to edit the clipped view created by the VIEWBOX command.
Added command 2DREP to create 2D representation from a 3D model.
Added command SYSVIS to control the visibility of gaskets, bolts, and weld gaps when these components are not placed on the CADWorx System layer.
Updated tube component to allow export to live database. Run command UPDATETUBESOLIDS to prepare tube solids for export followed by DBFGEN command.
Updated DBFGEN command to allow export to both Microsoft Access file type and Microsoft Excel file type.
Updated reducing elbow routine to work with AutoCAD 2005.
Steel
Added SteelNeutralAxis to the configuration file. This variable controls where the center lines for steel channels and angles are drawn.
Added command SCONVERTSOLID. This command will redraw the steel solid based on the center line selected.
Added command SGENERIC. This command will attached CADWorx Steel data to any AutoCAD entity. This generic component can then be export to the bill of materials.
Added the ability to change thickness of a plate component. Previous version only allowed description changes to plate components.
Added SteelRoundControl and SteelRoundUnit to the configuration file. These variables control how steel parametric data is rounded after being read from the data files.
Updated steel plate surface area calculations for Steel BOM.
Updated steel weight calculations for all members and plates. Run command SWGTUPDATE to globally update all steel components already drawn.
ISOGEN
Added command OTAP to draw an Offset Tap Connection.. This type of tap should be used in any situation that the TAP component does not produce correct results.
Added the export of Specification, Short Description, and TAG as ISOGEN COMPONENT-ATTRIBUTES. These three fields can now be part of the ISOGEN material list.
Added functionality to change model north direction with ISOGENSETTINGS command.
Added functionality to change model offset location with ISOGENSETTINGS command.
Added functionality to export special end type/sanitary components.
Added functionality to export CADWorx user shapes.
Added functionality to export tubing component as pulled bend.
Added functionality to export line number continuations with ISOGENBATCH command
Added functionality to export BENT pipe as trimmed elbow or as a pulled bend.
Added functionality to export rolled pipe as flexing hose.
Added ISOGEN Supplemental section to the Plant pulldown menu to insert blocks for use by ISOGEN export.
Added functionality to export wall symbol (From the Plant menu -> Accessory -> ISOGEN -> ISOGEN Supplemental)
Added functionality to export floor symbol (From the Plant menu -> Accessory -> ISOGEN -> ISOGEN Supplemental)
Added functionality to export instruments (From the Plant menu -> Accessory -> ISOGEN -> ISOGEN Supplemental)
Added functionality to export flow arrows (From the Plant menu -> Accessory -> ISOGEN -> ISOGEN Supplemental)
Updated Reinforcement pads/saddles component to allow export to ISOGEN when placed on a OTAP component.
HVAC and Cable Tray
Added Vertical Square Bend component.
Added Vertical Square Radius component.
Added Vertical Square Mitered component.
Added Square Flat Radius Tee component.
Added Oval/Oval Transition component.
Added commands for each HVAC component. These commands can now be associated with toolbar buttons.
Autodesk support web site: http://support.autodesk.com/
Autodesk support top issues: http://www.autodesk.com/autocad-support
Recover damaged drawing files:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS67106
Error: Unhandled Access Violation Exception:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS67088
Difference between AUDIT and RECOVER commands:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS54343
Recover damaged drawing when RECOVER command is not successful:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS19369
Ways to improve AutoCAD performance:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS14972
Improving performance when picking objects or regenerating drawing:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS19275
Improve 3DORBIT and SHADEMODE display performance:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS24835
ACADNOSEARCHPATH and ACADNOSEARCHPATHCACHE environment variables:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS67100
When starting AutoCAD most menus not loaded: http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS1051850
ARX_ERROR when opening a drawing in AutoCAD:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS1056027
CUI file invalid:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS1052254
Cut and Paste:
http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=TS1057379
AutoCAD updates and service packs files: http://www.autodesk.com/autocad-updates
If you are running an Autodesk vertical product (AutoCAD Mechanical, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Architecture
(Architectural Desktop), AutoCAD MEP (Building Systems), Land Desktop, Civil 3D,
Map 3D, Mechanical Desktop),
check the Autodesk support web site for download that are specify for your vertical product.
AutoCAD 2009 Update 3: http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=DL13271527
AutoCAD 2008 Service Pack 1: http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=DL10035892
AutoCAD 2007 Service Pack 2: http://support.autodesk.com/getdoc.asp?id=DL9444984
To check what Service Pack of AutoCAD is installed, type _VERNUM at the AutoCAD prompt.
Typical values of _VERNUM are given below:
D.55.0 AutoCAD 2010 initial release
C.711.0 AutoCAD 2009 with Update 3 installed
C.608.0 AutoCAD 2009 with Update 2 installed
C.111.0 AutoCAD 2009 with Update 1 installed
C.56.0 AutoCAD 2009 initial release
B.219.0 AutoCAD 2008 with Service Pack 1 installed
B.51.0 AutoCAD 2008 initial release
A.209.0 AutoCAD 2007 with Service Pack 2 installed
A.116.0 AutoCAD 2007 with Service Pack 1 installed
A.54.0 AutoCAD 2007 initial release
AutoCAD introduced the concept of Profiles to consolidate many command line switches that were present in the previous version. Now only one command line switch, /P, is required to specify all the settings for AutoCAD. The information about the profile is saved inside the Windows Registry which is a part of the Windows operating System. Registry also stores numerous other information required to run AutoCAD. In fact, the Windows registry stores information for all programs that are available on the machine. For this reason, it is not recommended that the user modify the registry directly. Always use the AutoCAD Options command to modify the registry entries in AutoCAD.
The CADWorx install program creates the CADWORX profile. This profile has all the information necessary to run CADWorx. In the CADWorx support directory, there is a file called ACAD.RX (C:\CADWorx\SUPPORT\ACAD.RX) which is used to load the CADWorx ARX module (CADWorx.ARX). The ACAD.RX file has a line in it with the text CADWorx.arx. AutoCAD reads the ACAD.RX file and loads all files specified in the ACAD.RX file. However, AutoCAD only reads one ACAD.RX file per AutoCAD session. The ACAD.RX file which gets read in is determined by which directory is first in "AutoCAD Support File Search Path". The CADWorx support directory (C:\CADWorx\SUPPORT) is always first in the CADWORX profile. Thus when the CADWORX profile is used, AutoCAD reads the C:\CADWorx\SUPPORT\ACAD.RX file to determine which programs to load. When the main CADWorx ARX module is loaded, it loads the CADWorx pull down menu inside AutoCAD.
CADWorx User Guide in the format of a "*.PDF" file can be found in the
root install directory of CADWorx. Download the free
Adobe Reader (http://www.adobe.com/) to
view or print the CADWorx Plant
User Guide.pdf file.
CADWorx documentation is also available while running the program. The CADWorx
pulldown has a "Help" option that will bring up the Windows based help file (PIPE_ALT.CHM).
Help is also available by pressing the "F1" key while running any CADWorx
command or pressing the "Help" button in any CADWorx dialog.
CADWorx Plant documentation is also available on the COADE web site at: http://www.coade.com/cadworx/plant/
| Version | Build Date |
| 2010 | September 4, 2009 |
| 2010 | March 30, 2009 |
| 2009 | March 31, 2008 |
| 2008 | April 02, 2007 |
| 2007 | April 28, 2006 |
| 2006 | April 11, 2005 |
| 2005 | March 29, 2004 |
| 2004 | March 17, 2003 |
| 2002 | January 18, 2002 |
| 3.2 | July 31, 2001 |
| 3.1 | August 18, 2000 |
| 3.0 | June 09, 1999 |
| 2.1 | February 18, 1998 |
| 2.0 | September 15, 1997 |
| 1.1 | April 01, 1997 |
| 1.0 | February 16, 1996 |